Tower cranes are among the most practical devices in advancing projects and speeding them up, and besides, they play an important role in reducing construction costs due to the rapid advancement of processes.< /p>
What is a tower crane?
It is interesting to know that tower crane is another name for tower crane. In fact, in a way, these cranes are a modern type of balance levers that are made of the same parts as a normal lever, with the difference that the base of the tower crane or stabilization base is placed in reinforced concrete, and sometimes it is attached to parts of the structure or building by The harness belt is attached. Tower cranes are usually widely used in the construction of tall buildings, dams, towers, and skyscrapers.
Getting to know the main components of a tower crane
In this section of Parshin Saze blog, we will introduce you to the main components of the tower crane and familiarize you with each of these parts. In general, the important components of these giant levers include:
mast
The tower-shaped part of the crane is called the mast. In general, this part of the crane is made of steel and is connected to the trunk and other parts by means of pins and spiels or bolts.
Ground
This part is mounted on the mast, while allowing the rotation of the arrow and the balance arm on the tower.
It is interesting to know that the operator's cabin is generally installed on the rotating part and is the seat and control of the operator. In general, this part of the tower crane must be accompanied by the following safety specifications, which include:
Sufficient visibility in different directions
No installation of curtains or covers on the windows that limit the operator's view
Existence of fire extinguishers to prevent accidents
Healthy control levers
Presence A standard seat that makes the operator comfortable.
Pocket or flash
Pocket or flash is a part of the crane, the inspection chamber is often mounted on this part, and the carriage with hooks and other accessories is also installed on this part. The section is installed.
Crane electrical components
The electrical components of the crane include the motor of the Charit gearbox, the motor of the rotating gearbox, the electric motor protectors of the rotating hook circuits, all types of coal motors and collectors of the tower crane and all kinds of steering intensometers.
Hook
In general, the hook is a part of the tower crane on which the load is tied. It should be noted that the hook must have a hook or a safety hook and no welding should be done on it. Concrete blocks Concrete blocks in the area The end of the balance arm is placed and sometimes installed on the base part so that there is a good connection to the ground for these parts.
Types of tower crane models
In general, many categories are considered for tower cranes according to their shape or size, and each of these models is used for specific needs; But it can be stated that the principles of three main categories of these cranes are available, which include the following:
1. Classification based on dimensions
Tower cranes are usually divided into two main categories, small and large, in terms of dimensions. In this regard, small tower cranes are suitable for moving equipment and tools inside a small environment such as workshops, while large tower cranes are used for building buildings and tall skyscrapers.
Floating cranes
There are other types of cranes in the category of large cranes, which are used in the oil industry and for the construction of oil tanks and moving cargo in water and taking them out. Equipment is used from inside the water like sunken ships.
In general, this model of tower cranes can be divided into self-installing and assisted installation.
Self-installing tower crane for installation And the launch does not need any helper and they have the ability to increase or decrease their height. In fact, the most important feature of these cranes is the ability to install them quickly and easily. At the same time, tower cranes are installed to help an external agent such as a crane or even a helicopter at very high heights for installation and operation. need, also the height of this type of cranes is increased by special height parts. It should be noted that the main feature of this category of tower cranes is greater strength and height for carrying loads and moving objects.
It is interesting to know that all tower cranes have a radius of motion of 360 degrees or moving loads in all possible directions. The movement radius also means what limitations a tower crane has in three spatial axes; Therefore, on this basis, in this category, tower cranes can be divided into three categories: fixed type, mobile type and climbing type.
Fixed tower cranes
As it is clear from the name of this type of cranes, these types of tower cranes do not have any special features and are used for normal applications. /p>
Mobile tower cranes
The most important characteristics of a mobile tower crane is its wide operational radius, which means that it can move in all directions and can be used in different parts of a project. work well.
On the other hand, it should be noted that mobile tower cranes are also divided into three categories: rail, road and floating, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, rail tower cranes move on a rail and can move as long as there is a limit for that rail. On the other hand, road tower cranes have smaller dimensions and have the advantage of very fast installation and operation and extensive transportation and relocation, although it should be noted that they have less load carrying capacity. Also, as we have already mentioned, floating tower cranes are used in water for the construction of oil mines or for taking out sunken ships.
Rising tower cranes
The rising tower crane is usually used for the construction of various structures such as buildings. This crane model rises as the building height increases, and its strong point is its wide height coverage. It is for this reason that this type of tower crane is used in the industry of tower construction and building skyscrapers and bridge construction.